CHAPTER II

A. Review of related literature

Banana is the common name for a type of fruit and also the herbaceous plants of the genusMusa which produce this commonly eaten fruit. They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia. Bananas are grown in at least 107 countries. In popular culture and commerce, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, "dessert".

• A banana contains Vitamin C, potassium and dietary fiber.
• Bananas do not contain sodium, fat or cholesterol.
• The Vitamin C, which is found in bananas, helps the body to defend and heal against infections. This vitamin also proves valuable in the synthesis of the connective tissue, absorption of iron and the formation of blood.
• Not only are bananas rich in vitamin C, they also contain potassium. Potassium is a mineral that helps in the building of muscles and protein synthesis. This is done as potassium stimulates nerve impulses for muscle contraction.
• A diet rich in potassium is said to reduce the risk of hypertension and stroke. As bananas are free from sodium and very rich in potassium, they can be included in the diet to reduce the risk of high blood pressure.
• Bananas contain three natural sugars, sucrose, fructose and glucose along with fiber. A banana thus gives an instant and substantial boost of energy.
• A banana contains Vitamin B6, which helps in the synthesis of antibodies in the immune system apart from red blood formation, protein metabolism and functioning of the central nervous system.
• No other fruit contain more digestible carbohydrates than bananas. This is advantageous because, the body burns off calories from carbohydrate more easily and quickly than calories from fat or protein.

Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honey bees. Most micro-organisms do not grow in honey because of its low water activity of 0.6. Honey is a mixture of sugars and other compounds. With respect to carbohydrates, honey is mainly fructose (about 38.5%) and glucose (about 31.0%),[4] making it similar to the synthetically produced inverted sugar syrup which is approximately 48% fructose, 47% glucose, and 5% sucrose. Honey's remaining carbohydrates include maltose, sucrose, and other complex carbohydrates.[4] Honey contains trace amounts of several vitamins and minerals.[17] As with all nutritive sweeteners, honey is mostly sugars and is not a significant source of vitamins or minerals.[18] Honey also contains tiny amounts of several compounds thought to function as antioxidants, including chrysin, pinobanksin, vitamin C, catalase, and pinocembrin.[19][20] The specific composition of any batch of honey will depend largely on the mix of flowers available to the bees that produced the honey.[18]
Typical honey analysis[18]
• Fructose: 38.5%
• Glucose: 31.0%
• Sucrose: 1.0%
• Water: 17.0%
• Other sugars: 9.0% (maltose, melezitose)
• Ash: 0.17%
• Other: 3.38%
Honey has a density of about 1.36 kilograms per liter (36% denser than water).[21]
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry can be used to detect addition of corn syrup or sugar cane sugars by the carbon isotopic signature. Addition of sugars originated from corn or sugar cane (C4 plants, unlike the plants used by bees which are predominantly C3 plants) skews the isotopic ratio of sugars present in honey, but does not influence the isotopic ratio of proteins; in an unadulterated honey the carbon isotopic ratios of sugars and proteins should match. As low as 7% level of addition can be detected.

For centuries, natural oils have been used to condition human hair. These natural products are still used today, including essential oils such as tea tree oil and carrier oils such as jojoba oil. A conditioner popular with men in the late Victorian era was Macassar oil, but this product was quite greasy and required pinning a small cloth, known as an antimacassar, to chairs and sofas to keep the upholstery from being damaged by the greasy Macassar oil. Modern hair conditioner was created at the turn of the twentieth century, when well-known perfumer Ed. Pinaud presented a product he called brilliantine at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. His product was intended to soften men's hair, including beards and mustaches. Since the invention of Pinaud's early products, modern science has advanced the hair conditioner industry to include those made with silicone, fatty alcohols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. These chemical products allow the benefits of hair conditioner without feeling greasy or heavy. Hair conditioner is different than cream rinse (often referred to as creme rinse). A cream rinse is simply a detangler and, as its name implies, has a thinner consistency than conditioner. Hair conditioner is a thicker substance which actually repairs the follicles of the hair itself.

B. Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/banana
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/honey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_conditioner